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Is Dengue Vaccine Protection Possible?

Scott B Halstead1

  • 1Independent Consultant, 5824 Edson Lane, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 31, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing effective dengue virus (DENV) vaccines remains challenging due to DENVs' unique properties. Nearly whole DENV genomes may be necessary for balanced, sustained protective immunity against all four DENV serotypes.

Keywords:
ADEdengueefficacyneutralizationvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Four dengue virus serotypes (DENVs) cause mild illness and severe vascular permeability syndrome in tropical regions.
  • DENVs' unique antigenic and biological characteristics impede vaccine development.
  • Existing tetravalent dengue vaccine candidates face challenges in efficacy and safety, particularly in seronegative populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress and challenges in developing tetravalent dengue vaccines.
  • To evaluate the performance of candidate vaccines in clinical trials.
  • To identify key factors for achieving balanced and sustained protective immunity against DENVs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of phase 3 clinical trial data for three tetravalent candidate dengue vaccines.
  • Analysis of vaccine efficacy and safety profiles, including protection against different DENV serotypes and risk of severe dengue.
  • Assessment of immune responses elicited by candidate vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Dengvaxia partially protects seropositive individuals but increases severe dengue risk in some seronegatives.
  • TAK-003 shows protection against DENV-2 but limited efficacy against other DENV serotypes.
  • A novel NIH vaccine demonstrated protection against DENV-2 and DENV-3 challenge in seronegative adults.

Conclusions:

  • Current tetravalent dengue vaccine candidates exhibit variable efficacy and safety concerns.
  • Achieving balanced and sustained immunity against all four DENV serotypes may require nearly whole DENV genomes.
  • Further research is needed to develop safe and effective dengue vaccines for diverse populations.