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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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New dog, old tricks: Developmental programs resurface in inflammation.

Daniel Rosenblum1, Shruti Naik1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped human skin cells using single-cell transcriptomics. They discovered fetal gene programs in skin diseases, potentially driving inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Genomics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Cellular cartography offers insights into human tissue function in health and disease.
  • Understanding cell states and gene expression is crucial for diagnosing and treating diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define cell states and gene programs in human skin.
  • To identify fetal gene programs in dermatological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell transcriptomics was employed to analyze human skin.
  • Computational analysis was used to identify cell states and gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Reynolds et al. (2021) successfully mapped cell types and states in human skin.
  • Fetal gene programs were identified in specific dermatological conditions.
  • These fetal programs were linked to the inflammatory pathology of skin diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a cellular atlas of human skin, revealing novel cell states.
  • The findings suggest that reactivated fetal programs contribute to skin disease pathogenesis.
  • This research opens new avenues for understanding and potentially treating inflammatory skin conditions.