Evaluation of the Relationship between Drink Intake and Periodontitis Using KoGES Data

Area of Science:

• Oral Health and Nutrition
• Epidemiology
• Periodontology

Background:

• Nutritional factors are hypothesized to influence periodontal diseases, but their specific role remains unclear.
• Understanding dietary links to periodontitis is crucial for public health initiatives.
• Previous research has not definitively established the relationship between common beverage consumption and periodontal disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between the intake of coffee, green tea, and soft drinks and the prevalence of periodontitis.
• To analyze how different consumption frequencies of these beverages correlate with periodontitis risk.
• To provide evidence-based insights into dietary habits affecting periodontal health.

Main Methods:

• A prospective cohort study utilizing data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2004-2016).
• Analysis included 173,209 participants, with 9,933 diagnosed with periodontitis and 124,922 controls.
• Beverage intake (coffee, green tea, soft drinks) was categorized (none, mild, heavy) and analyzed using logistic regression, adjusting for confounding variables.

Main Results:

• No statistically significant association was found between coffee or green tea intake and periodontitis.
• Mild soft drink intake showed a statistically significant association with periodontitis (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.16, P < 0.001).
• Heavy soft drink intake did not show a statistically significant association (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.02, P = 0.518), and coffee/green tea showed no significance in subgroup analyses.

Conclusions:

• Mild soft drink consumption is associated with an increased risk of periodontitis.
• Coffee and green tea consumption do not appear to be significantly associated with periodontitis risk.
• Dietary habits, specifically mild soft drink intake, play a role in the development of periodontal disease.