Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
Published on: August 17, 2017
A Bitter-type electromagnet for complex atomic trapping and manipulation
J L Siegel1, D S Barker1, J A Fedchak1
1Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
None:
We create a pair of symmetric Bitter-type electromagnet assemblies capable of producing multiple field configurations including uniform magnetic fields, spherical quadruple traps, or Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic bottles. Unlike other designs, our coil allows both radial and azimuthal cooling water flows by incorporating an innovative 3D-printed water distribution manifold. Combined with a double-coil geometry, such orthogonal flows permit stacking of non-concentric Bitter coils. We achieve a low thermal resistance of 4.2(1) °C kW-1 and high water flow rate of 10.0(3) l min-1 at a pressure of 190(10) kPa.
Related Concept Videos
Valence Bond Theory
Diamagnetism
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes
Ferromagnetism

