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Warming intensifies soil pathogen negative feedback on a temperate tree.

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Global warming intensifies the Janzen-Connell effect by increasing soil pathogen impacts on tree seedlings. This finding highlights how rising temperatures threaten plant biodiversity and forest ecosystems.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Global Change Biology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • The Janzen-Connell (JC) effect, driven by soil pathogens, is crucial for plant biodiversity.
  • Global warming's impact on the JC effect and subsequent biodiversity is poorly understood.
  • Plant disease severity is temperature-dependent, influencing ecological interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of elevated temperatures on the Janzen-Connell effect.
  • To determine how warming influences seedling mortality in temperate tree species.
  • To assess the role of soil-borne pathogens in temperature-mediated JC effects.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year field warming experiment using open-top chambers.
  • Application of pesticide treatments to manipulate pathogen levels.
  • Monitoring seedling mortality of *Prunus padus* in relation to temperature and proximity to parent trees.

Main Results:

  • Elevated temperatures significantly increased *P. padus* seedling mortality near parent trees.
  • Increased seedling mortality correlated with a higher abundance of virulent pathogenic fungi.
  • Warming conditions amplified the Janzen-Connell effect for this temperate tree species.

Conclusions:

  • Global warming intensifies the Janzen-Connell effect through increased soil pathogen activity.
  • This intensification poses risks to temperate tree species and forest biodiversity.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for predicting future forest composition under climate change.