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Hormonally Active Contraceptives Part I: Risks Acknowledged and Unacknowledged.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormonal contraceptives may cause serious, unacknowledged side effects, including increased HIV risk and various cancers. Women deserve to know about these risks and safer, nonhormonal alternatives like fertility awareness methods.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseCancerContraceptionFracturesHuman immunodeficiency virusOsteoporosisSexual dysfunctionSuicideThromboembolic diseaseWeight gain

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Hormonal contraceptives have been widely used for over 50 years, with evolving formulations but consistent mechanisms of action.
  • Numerous studies have documented both immediate and long-term side effects impacting women's health and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct comprehensive literature surveys to understand the immediate and long-term side effects of hormonal contraceptives.
  • To identify side effects that are often unacknowledged or not fully disclosed in prescribing information.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and comprehensive literature surveys of studies on hormonal contraceptive side effects.
  • Analysis of documented side effects, comparing them with information provided in prescribing materials.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous potential side effects, including increased HIV transmission risk with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA).
  • Unacknowledged risks for combination contraceptives include breast and cervical cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, multiple sclerosis, depression, mood disorders, suicides, and osteoporotic bone fractures.
  • Noted misleading information regarding cardiovascular and thrombotic risks, and identified fatty weight gain and female sexual dysfunction as potential side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Women have a right to be fully informed about all potential risks associated with hormonal contraceptives.
  • Effective nonhormonal methods, such as fertility awareness methods, offer risk avoidance strategies.
  • The continued marketing of DMPA is unjustified due to demonstrated unique risks and the availability of safer alternatives.