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Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators for Precision Temperature Metrology Applications.

Giovanni Gugliandolo1, Shahin Tabandeh2, Lucia Rosso3

  • 1Department of MIFT, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.

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PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel sapphire resonator thermometer utilizing whispering gallery modes (WGMs). This microwave sensor achieves superior temperature resolution and uncertainty, offering a promising alternative to traditional thermometers.

Keywords:
metrologymicrowave resonatorstemperature measurementsthermometrywhispering gallery modes

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Metrology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate temperature measurement is crucial in scientific and industrial applications.
  • Existing thermometers like platinum resistance thermometers have limitations in certain applications.
  • Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators offer unique properties for sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel thermometer based on sapphire whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators.
  • To evaluate the performance of the WGM resonator thermometer in terms of temperature resolution and uncertainty.
  • To assess the potential of this WGM sensor as an alternative to conventional thermometers.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a cylindrical sapphire microwave resonator within a gold-plated copper cavity.
  • Excitation of WGM standing waves using coaxial cable antennas at microwave frequencies.
  • Precise measurement of resonance frequencies to determine temperature.

Main Results:

  • The developed sensor demonstrated a high quality factor, enabling precise temperature measurements.
  • Achieved a temperature resolution better than 15 µK.
  • Obtained a measurement standard uncertainty of 1.2 mK, significantly outperforming previous methods.

Conclusions:

  • The sapphire WGM resonator thermometer offers a promising new technology for high-precision thermometry.
  • Its performance suggests it could serve as a transfer standard or interpolating instrument for the kelvin.
  • This WGM sensor presents a viable alternative to platinum resistance thermometers in various applications.