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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

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Published on: September 19, 2012

On value-laden science.

¹Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, 151 Dodd Hall, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science

|May 10, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study clarifies how values influence scientific choices by categorizing their roles (motivation, justification, causation, impact). This framework resolves philosophical debates on values in science, particularly inductive risk arguments.

Keywords:

Argument from inductive risk Justifying reasons Motivating reasons Values Values in science

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Area of Science:

Philosophy of Science
Ethics in Scientific Research

Background:

Ambiguity in how values influence scientific decisions hinders philosophical analysis.
Existing frameworks lack clarity on the relationship between values and scientific choices.

Purpose of the Study:

To disambiguate the various ways values impact scientific choices.
To provide a taxonomy for understanding value-laden decisions in science.
To resolve philosophical problems concerning values in scientific practice.

Main Methods:

Characterization of four distinct roles values play in relation to choices: motivation, justification, causation, and impact.
Application of the proposed taxonomy to analyze the argument from inductive risk.

Main Results:

Identified four key ways values interact with scientific choices.
Demonstrated that the argument from inductive risk primarily concerns the justification role of values.
Showcased the utility of the taxonomy in clarifying philosophical arguments.

Conclusions:

A clear taxonomy of value-choice relationships can solve and dissolve philosophical problems in science.
Understanding how values justify scientific choices is crucial for analyzing arguments like inductive risk.
This framework enhances clarity and assessment of philosophical arguments about values in science.