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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
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Change in Evaluation Mode Can Cause a Cheerleader Effect.

Claude Messner1, Mattia Carnelli1, Patrick Stefan Höhener1

  • 1Consumer Behavior, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 13, 2021
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Summary

The cheerleader effect makes faces seem more attractive in group photos than alone. This effect occurs even when group members are less attractive, impacting social media perceptions.

Keywords:
attractivenesschange in evaluation modecheerleader effectevaluation modehierarchical encoding

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The cheerleader effect describes the increased attractiveness of faces in groups compared to isolation.
  • Existing theories involve visual memory (averaging, hierarchical encoding) and comparison processes (contrast effects, evaluation mode shifts).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological mechanisms behind the cheerleader effect.
  • To test whether a cheerleader effect occurs independent of contrast effects.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment was conducted to evaluate face attractiveness in different group contexts.
  • Participants' perceptions of attractiveness were measured under joint and separate evaluation conditions.

Main Results:

  • The study confirmed a cheerleader effect even without contrast between faces.
  • Faces were perceived as more attractive in groups, irrespective of individual attractiveness levels when evaluated differently.

Conclusions:

  • The cheerleader effect can be driven by changes in evaluation mode, not just contrast.
  • Findings have implications for social media use, suggesting group selfies can enhance perceived attractiveness.