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Initial Validation Evidence for Clinical Case Presentations by Student Pharmacists.

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  • 1Union University College of Pharmacy.

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Summary

This study found that a simpler, global-item scoring method is more effective for assessing Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) student case-presentations than a lengthy instrument. This improves scoring and generalization evidence for performance-based assessments.

Keywords:
case presentationsgeneralizability theoryreliabilityvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Assessment and Evaluation
  • Health Professions Education

Background:

  • Limited validation evidence exists for assessing clinical case-presentations by Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students.
  • Kane's Framework for Validation emphasizes the need for scoring and generalization evidence.
  • Performance-based assessments require robust validation for reliable inferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and improve scoring of PharmD student case-presentations.
  • To generate initial generalization evidence for performance-based assessments.
  • To provide validation evidence for clinical case-presentation assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Third-year PharmD students presented patient cases to preceptors.
  • Evaluators used an 11-item instrument (6-point scale) and a global-item (4-point scale).
  • Rasch Measurement and Generalizability Theory were employed for analysis.

Main Results:

  • The 11-item instrument's 6-point scale was ineffective; a 4-point scale improved it but revealed redundancy.
  • A single global-item performed well and showed reasonable reliability (g-coefficient=0.78).
  • Reliability depended on the number of case-presentations and evaluators.

Conclusions:

  • Simple scoring scales and instruments are recommended for case-presentations.
  • A single global-item offers effective measurement over multiple presentations.
  • Reliability can be optimized by balancing the number of cases and evaluators.