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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

191
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
191
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

185
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
185
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

184
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
184
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

70
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
70
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

109
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
109
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

719
The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
719

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Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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[Risk factors for urolithiasis].

Nilufar Mohebbi1

  • 1Praxis und Dialysezentrum Zürich-City AG, Zürich.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney stone (urolithiasis) risk factors are diverse, including genetics and acquired diseases. Current prediction scores for stone recurrence need more validation to ensure reliability for patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The prevalence and incidence of kidney stones (urolithiasis) are rising globally.
  • Kidney stones are associated with significant morbidity, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Effective risk stratification is crucial for managing patients with kidney stones, particularly high-risk individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known risk factors for nephrolithiasis.
  • To evaluate the current prediction scores for assessing kidney stone recurrence risk.
  • To highlight the need for further research on the efficacy of these risk prediction tools.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on urolithiasis prevalence, incidence, and risk factors.
  • Analysis of existing prediction scores for kidney stone recurrence.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding the clinical utility of risk stratification tools.

Main Results:

  • Identified a wide range of risk factors for kidney stones, encompassing general factors (e.g., young age, family history), genetic/acquired diseases, and medications.
  • Noted the development of several prediction scores to estimate recurrence risk in stone formers.
  • Observed limited investigation and validation of these prediction scores in clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney stone formation is multifactorial, necessitating comprehensive risk assessment.
  • Existing prediction scores show potential but require further robust validation to reliably guide clinical management and patient counseling.
  • Future research should focus on validating and refining risk stratification tools for kidney stone formers.