Osseodensification effect on implants primary and secondary stability: Multicenter controlled clinical trial

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Oral Surgery
• Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

• Osseodensification (OD) is a technique that enhances implant stability.
• The impact of implant design, dimensions, and surgical site on OD outcomes remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotients (ISQ) between OD and subtractive drilling (SD).
• To evaluate the influence of various implant parameters and surgical sites on these outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A multicenter controlled clinical trial involving 150 implants in 56 patients.
• Implants of varying dimensions (narrow, regular, wide; short, regular, long) were placed in different maxillary and mandibular regions.
• Insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) were measured immediately post-surgery and at 3 and 6 weeks.

Main Results:

• Osseodensification resulted in significantly higher insertion torque compared to subtractive drilling across most implant types and surgical sites.
• Implants placed with OD showed significantly higher ISQ values throughout the 6-week healing period compared to SD.
• ISQ values decreased at 3 weeks but returned to baseline by 6 weeks for OD, remaining consistently above 68.

Conclusions:

• Osseodensification offers superior insertion torque and implant stability compared to subtractive drilling, regardless of implant design or surgical location, with the exception of short implants.
• Further research should investigate biomechanical parameters and bone level changes post-loading.