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Gastric Cancer Epidemiology
Aaron P Thrift1, Theresa H Nguyen2
1Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America
|May 31, 2021
Summary
Gastric cancer incidence is decreasing in the US, but noncardia gastric cancer is rising in younger adults. Key risk factors include age, sex, race, Helicobacter pylori infection, and smoking.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Gastric cancer incidence has declined in the US over five decades.
- However, noncardia gastric cancer rates are increasing in adults under 50.
- Most gastric cancer cases present at advanced stages, leading to poor survival.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize current epidemiologic evidence on gastric cancer.
- To discuss implications for primary and secondary prevention strategies.
- To highlight trends in noncardia gastric cancer among younger populations.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiologic studies on gastric cancer.
- Analysis of incidence trends by age and cancer subtype.
- Identification and summary of established risk factors.
Main Results:
- Overall US gastric cancer incidence shows a decreasing trend.
- A significant increase in noncardia gastric cancer is observed in adults younger than 50.
- Established risk factors include increasing age, male sex, non-White race, Helicobacter pylori infection, and smoking.
Conclusions:
- Despite overall declines, rising noncardia gastric cancer in younger adults warrants attention.
- Understanding epidemiologic factors is crucial for effective prevention.
- Targeted screening and prevention efforts may be needed for at-risk populations.
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