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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Monitoring of a Highly Flexible Aircraft Model Wing Using Time-Expanded Phase-Sensitive OTDR.

Miguel Soriano-Amat1, David Fragas-Sánchez1,2, Hugo F Martins3

  • 1Departamento de Electrónica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel optical fiber sensor monitors flexible aircraft wings for structural health. This technology precisely detects static and dynamic deformations, enhancing safety and performance.

Keywords:
Rayleigh scatteringaircraftdual frequency combsflexible wingsstructural health monitoringtime-expanded-ΦOTDR

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Highly flexible wings offer improved fuel efficiency and flight performance in aerial vehicles.
  • Continuous structural health monitoring is crucial for preventing failures and optimizing aircraft control.
  • Existing monitoring methods may lack the sensitivity or spatial resolution required for flexible structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of a distributed optical fiber sensor for structural health monitoring of highly flexible wings.
  • To assess the sensor's performance in detecting static (bending, torsion) and dynamic (vibration) deformations.
  • To evaluate the sensor's spatial resolution, sensitivity, and intrusiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Embedding conventional optical fibers within highly flexible wing specimens.
  • Utilizing time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (TE-ΦOTDR) technology for distributed sensing.
  • Quantifying static and dynamic structural deformations through bending and twisting movements.

Main Results:

  • The TE-ΦOTDR system achieved a spatial resolution of 2 cm.
  • Detection and processing bandwidths were well under the MHz range.
  • The sensor successfully detected and quantified various bending and twisting movements with high sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Distributed optical fiber sensing using TE-ΦOTDR is a highly efficient and novel methodology for monitoring highly flexible wings.
  • The technology offers minimal intrusiveness and high sensitivity for detecting structural deformations.
  • This approach holds significant potential for enhancing the safety and performance of flexible aerial vehicles.