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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Optimizing Cell Synchronization Using Nocodazole or Double Thymidine Block.

Arif A Surani1, Sergio L Colombo2, George Barlow1

  • 1The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a simple fluorescence staining method to optimize drug concentrations and timings for cell cycle synchronization. Protocols are provided for arresting both suspension and adherent cells in G1/S or G2/M phases.

Keywords:
Cell cycleG1/SG2/MNocodazoleSuspension cellsSynchronizationThymidine

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Generation and Isolation of Cell Cycle-arrested Cells with Complex Karyotypes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cell cycle synchronization is essential for studying specific cellular events.
  • Chemical agents like nocodazole and thymidine are commonly used for cell synchronization.
  • Cellular responses to synchronization agents vary based on cell type and drug concentration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a simple optimization method for selecting effective concentrations and timings of nocodazole or thymidine treatments.
  • To provide detailed protocols for cell cycle arrest in G1/S or G2/M phases.
  • To facilitate reproducible cell cycle synchronization for various cell types, including suspension and adherent cultures.

Main Methods:

  • Optimization of drug concentrations and treatment durations using fluorescence staining.
  • Development of detailed protocols for cell cycle arrest.
  • Application of methods to both suspension and adherent cell cultures.

Main Results:

  • A straightforward method for optimizing cell synchronization agent concentrations and timings was established.
  • Successful protocols for arresting asynchronous cell cultures in specific cell cycle phases (G1/S or G2/M) were developed.
  • The method demonstrated applicability across different cell types (suspension and adherent).

Conclusions:

  • The described fluorescence-based optimization method simplifies the process of achieving cell cycle synchronization.
  • Detailed protocols enable reliable arrest of diverse cell types at desired cell cycle stages.
  • This approach enhances the study of cell cycle-dependent biological events.