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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

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Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
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Metabolic optimization in diabetes: A hierarchial model.

Sanjay Kalra1, Saptarshi Bhattacharya2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|June 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a hierarchical model for diabetes care, simplifying treatment planning. It outlines key optimization targets for better diabetes management and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular outcomes, diabetes care, metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes care requires understanding complex clinical and pharmacological interactions.
  • Effective treatment strategies depend on clear therapeutic goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a hierarchical model for metabolic modulation and optimization in diabetes care.
  • To simplify the process of setting diabetes treatment aims, planning interventions, and selecting therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a hierarchical model for metabolic modulation.
  • Identification of key optimization targets for diabetes therapy.

Main Results:

  • The model provides a structured approach to diabetes care planning.
  • Therapeutic targets are categorized into symptomatic, glucometabolic, vasculometabolic, barometabolic, and viscerometabolic optimization.

Conclusions:

  • The hierarchical model offers a straightforward framework for diabetes management.
  • This approach aids in rational decision-making for treatment strategies and interventions.