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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Laryngeal Tumor Microenvironment.

Georgia Karpathiou1, Jean Marc Dumollard1, Michel Peoc'h1

  • 1Pathology Department, North Hospital, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 29, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tumor microenvironment, crucial in cancers like laryngeal cancer, involves immune cells and stroma. Understanding these factors aids in developing targeted cancer therapies and improving patient prognosis.

Keywords:
ExosomesHead and neckHypoxiaImmune cellsImmune microenvironmentImmunotherapyInflammationLymphocytic responseMetabolismSTINGStroma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacts cancer progression and treatment response.
  • Components of the TME, including immune cells and stromal factors, have prognostic value.
  • Immunotherapy has emerged as a key treatment strategy, highlighting the importance of TME research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the tumor microenvironment.
  • To focus specifically on the TME in laryngeal cancer.
  • To detail the roles of various cellular and molecular components within the TME.

Main Methods:

  • Review of innate immune response factors (neutrophils, NETs, platelets, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells).
  • Analysis of adaptive immunity aspects (T cells, immune checkpoints like PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA4).
  • Assessment of stroma-associated factors (fibroblasts, ECM, vasculature, hypoxia, metabolism, pre-metastatic niche, exosomes, cGAS-STING).

Main Results:

  • The TME comprises diverse immune and stromal elements influencing cancer.
  • Specific components like neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, and immune checkpoints play critical roles.
  • Stromal factors such as fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and hypoxia also significantly affect tumor behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem critical for laryngeal cancer.
  • Detailed understanding of TME components can guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting the TME holds promise for improving treatment outcomes in laryngeal cancer.