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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

609
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
609
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

825
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
825

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Single Photon Avalanche Diode Arrays for Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy.

Francesca Madonini1, Federica Villa1

  • 1Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via G. Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays offer precise time-gating for time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. This enables molecule discrimination by rejecting fluorescence without complex setups.

Keywords:
SPAD arrayfluorescence suppressionsingle photon avalanche diode (SPAD)single photon counting (SPC)time gatingtime-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC)time-resolved Raman spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy
  • Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Raman spectroscopy identifies molecules via peak shifts without labeling.
  • Fluorescence interference is a major challenge in Raman spectroscopy.
  • Time-resolved techniques can suppress fluorescence by exploiting decay time differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review time-gating strategies for Raman spectroscopy from a sensor perspective.
  • To identify optimal single-photon detectors for time-resolved Raman applications.
  • To discuss the design and implementation of SPAD arrays for enhanced Raman detection.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on time-gating principles in Raman spectroscopy.
  • Evaluation of Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) arrays for rapid and precise time-gating.
  • Discussion of on-chip processing electronics and SPAD architectures for Raman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • SPAD arrays are identified as highly suitable for time-gated Raman spectroscopy.
  • Design guidelines for optimized on-chip processing in SPAD arrays are discussed.
  • Existing SPAD architectures and their operation modes for Raman applications are presented.

Conclusions:

  • SPAD arrays enable effective fluorescence rejection in time-resolved Raman spectroscopy.
  • Optimized SPAD sensor design is crucial for future ultrafast Raman platforms.
  • Highly integrated SPAD sensors promise undistorted Raman peak identification across multiple pixels.