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Updated: Oct 30, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Quadruplex World.

Besik Kankia1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. kankia.1@osu.edu.

Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere : the Journal of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life
|July 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The quadruplex world hypothesis proposes a simpler precursor to RNA, utilizing guanine's G-tetrads for polymerization and forming a stable tetrahelix structure. This model addresses key challenges of the RNA world hypothesis.

Keywords:
G-tetradGenetic codeHomochiralityOrigin of lifePrebioticQuadruplexRNA worldTetrahelix

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Area of Science:

  • Origin of Life Studies
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Evolution

Background:

  • The RNA world hypothesis, while influential, faces challenges regarding the origin of RNA complementarity and its integration into modern biochemistry.
  • Previous alternative hypotheses often retained the complementarity principle, suggesting a need for a more fundamental departure.
  • The isolated nature of the RNA world struggles to explain the emergence of the genetic code.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel hypothesis for the origin of genetic polymers that overcomes the limitations of the RNA world hypothesis.
  • To introduce the quadruplex world hypothesis, based on guanine's unique properties.
  • To present a model that facilitates de novo polymer formation without pre-existing rules.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development for the quadruplex world hypothesis.
  • Analysis of guanine's chemical properties, specifically G-tetrad formation.
  • Exploration of polyguanine folding into a monomolecular tetrahelix structure.

Main Results:

  • Guanines can form stable G-tetrads, facilitating polymerization without external templating.
  • Polygua-nine forms a stable monomolecular tetrahelix with a defined structure.
  • The tetrahelix structure exhibits potential for high-affinity interactions and catalytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • The quadruplex world hypothesis offers a plausible alternative to the RNA world, addressing its inherent difficulties.
  • G-tetrads and polyguanine tetrahelices provide a foundation for early genetic material and biochemical processes.
  • This model presents a pathway for the de novo emergence of complex molecular systems.