A Review of Driving and Binocularity

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Traffic Safety
• Human Factors

Background:

• Most jurisdictions permit driving with stereoscopic deficiency and monocular vision.
• Previous research on visual impairments and driving safety has produced conflicting findings.
• Amblyopia (lazy eye) is a common cause of stereoscopic deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize existing research on the driving performance of individuals with stereoscopic deficiency and monocular vision.
• To clarify the impact of these visual conditions on driving safety and behavior.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature, including interviews with affected individuals.
• Analysis of driving records and crash data for commercial and non-commercial drivers.
• Experimental studies using real-world driving and driving simulators.

Main Results:

• Interviews revealed self-reported driving difficulties among individuals with amblyopia.
• Record reviews showed increased crash rates for stereoscopically deficient commercial drivers but not non-commercial drivers.
• Experimental studies indicated earlier braking and reduced crash likelihood in individuals with reduced stereopsis; real-world driving showed no deficit for monocular drivers, but simulations showed increased risks.

Conclusions:

• The impact of stereoscopic deficiency on driving safety is complex and may vary by driving context (e.g., commercial vs. non-commercial).
• Monocularity's effect on driving performance is not consistently demonstrated in real-world conditions but poses risks in simulated environments, especially with sudden onset.
• Further research is needed to fully understand and mitigate risks associated with driving with visual impairments.