Amino Acids in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Redox Signaling
Ying Yang1, Yu He1, Yuhang Jin1
1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 12, 2021
Summary
Amino acids are vital for animal cell survival, regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and redox balance. These building blocks help restore cellular homeostasis by influencing protein folding and the unfolded protein response (UPR).
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein synthesis, folding, and cellular homeostasis.
- ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are activated by cellular insults to restore balance.
- Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, also act as signaling molecules in various biological processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of amino acids in regulating ER stress and redox homeostasis.
- To understand how amino acids contribute to cellular survival, growth, and development under stress.
Main Methods:
- In vivo and in vitro studies were utilized.
- Analysis of amino acid signaling pathways.
- Examination of protein abundances related to UPR and redox state.
Main Results:
- Amino acids were found to regulate gene expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and antioxidant capacity.
- Amino acids were shown to modulate the levels of proteins involved in UPR.
- Amino acids influence the cellular redox state, contributing to homeostasis restoration.
Conclusions:
- Amino acids play a critical role in managing ER stress and maintaining redox homeostasis in animal cells.
- These functions are essential for cell survival, growth, and development.
- Dysfunction in ER and amino acid regulation can contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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