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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Updated: Oct 29, 2025

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells
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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

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Chemical Autophagy Regulators.

Ya-Ping Yang1, Fen Wang2, Chun-Feng Liu3,4

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular cleaning process, is crucial for health. Chemical regulators of autophagy offer new therapeutic strategies for diseases linked to its dysfunction, aiding research into its mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process responsible for degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles.
  • Dysfunctional autophagy is implicated in numerous human diseases, including aging, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases.
  • Targeting autophagy regulation presents a promising therapeutic avenue for various pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in chemical autophagy regulators.
  • To provide methodological support for autophagy research.
  • To deepen the understanding of autophagy's molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks in disease contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chemical autophagy inducers and inhibitors.
  • Analysis of their application in exploring autophagy mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of recent research findings on chemical autophagy regulators.

Main Results:

  • A variety of chemical autophagy regulators (inducers and inhibitors) have been developed.
  • These regulators are valuable tools for investigating autophagy's role in disease.
  • Recent advances provide methodological support for autophagy research.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical autophagy regulators are essential for understanding autophagy's role in human diseases.
  • Further research into these regulators can unlock novel therapeutic strategies.
  • This work supports the exploration of autophagy modulation for treating various pathologies.