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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

581
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Nine-month-old infants can learn word boundaries using language-specific phonotactics. Experience with low-frequency phonotactic combinations aids infants in segmenting words.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Infants learn words by identifying word boundaries.
  • Language-specific phonotactics, or sound patterns, are crucial cues for word segmentation.
  • Previous studies show infants reject unfamiliar, low-frequency wordforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if 9-month-old infants can utilize low-frequency phonotactic combinations for word segmentation.
  • To determine if pre-exposure to specific sound patterns influences infants' ability to segment words.

Main Methods:

  • A modified head-turn procedure was used to assess infant attention.
  • Infants were pre-exposed to nonwords with either low-frequency complex onsets (e.g., 'dr-') or zero-frequency onsets (e.g., 'dl-').
  • Following familiarization, infants were tested on their segmentation abilities with novel nonwords containing these onsets.

Main Results:

  • Infants exposed to low-frequency onsets successfully segmented novel nonwords containing those onsets.
  • Infants exposed to zero-frequency onsets did not show successful segmentation.
  • This suggests experience with specific phonotactic patterns supports segmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Nine-month-old infants demonstrate the capacity to learn and use low-frequency phonotactic cues for word segmentation.
  • Early exposure to wordforms containing specific sound combinations enhances infants' ability to parse language.
  • Phonotactic knowledge plays a significant role in early language acquisition and word learning.