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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Pediatric Allergy: An Overview.

Arezoo Rajaee1, Meghane E Masquelin1, Katherine M Pohlgeers1

  • 1Department of Family Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Louisville, 201 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 690, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

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Summary

This review covers common allergic diseases like asthma and anaphylaxis, detailing their diagnosis and management. Staying updated on evidence-based allergy care is crucial due to rising prevalence.

Keywords:
Allergic rhinitisAnaphylaxisAtopic dermatitisChronic coughContact dermatitisFood allergyPediatric allergyUrticaria

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Allergy is a widespread health concern, encompassing various conditions from asthma to immunodeficiencies.
  • The prevalence of allergic disorders is increasing globally.
  • Effective management requires up-to-date medical knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of common allergic diseases.
  • To review current knowledge and management strategies for various allergic conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of evidence-based practices in allergy care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current evidence-based diagnosis and management.
  • Discussion of common allergic diseases and anaphylaxis.
  • Brief review of specific conditions including food allergies, asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, and more.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of common allergic diseases and anaphylaxis.
  • Review of management for food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and other conditions.
  • Highlights the broad scope of allergic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians must remain current with the latest evidence-based diagnosis and management of allergic disorders.
  • The increasing prevalence necessitates continuous medical education in allergy.
  • Comprehensive understanding of diverse allergic conditions is vital for patient care.