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Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
1,2-Phenylene-Incorporated Smallest Expanded Calix[4]pyrrole via One-Step Synthesis of Tetrapyrrane: A Fluorescent
B Sathish Kumar1, Brijesh Chandra1, K V Jovan Jose1
1School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Abstract:
Synthesis of tetrapyrrane 8 from acetone and pyrrole via one-step condensation was achieved for the first time along with a much-improved yield of the tripyrrane 9. Diborylation of the tetrapyrrane and subsequent "1 + 1" cyclocoupling with 1,2-diiodobenzene following the Suzuki protocol generated novel o-phenylene incorporated macrocycle belonging to the smallest meso-expanded calix[4]pyrrole family. The latter macrocycle displays exclusive turn-on fluorescence sensing of fluoride ion upon complexation via a unique partial cone conformation supported by DFT analysis in acetonitrile solvent.
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