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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
10:33

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Published on: February 20, 2016

Pyrrole-Derived Zwitterionic Primary Explosive: A Safer Alternative to Diazodinitrophenol (DDNP)

V Shanmugapriya1, Pradeepta K Panda1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.

Organic Letters
|June 9, 2026
PubMed

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Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
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Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
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