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Related Concept Videos

Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
Conjugation01:19

Conjugation

Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...

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Equine Intestinal O-Seroconverting Temperate Coliphage Hf4s: Genomic and Biological Characterization.

Eugene E Kulikov1, Alla K Golomidova1, Alexandr D Efimov1

  • 1Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of Russian Academy of Sciencesgrid.4886.2, Moscow, Russia.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|August 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies temperate coliphage Hf4s in horse feces, revealing its role in protecting against some virulent phages. This finding offers new insights into bacteriophage interactions within animal gut ecosystems.

Keywords:
O antigen seroconversionP22-related viruseshorse feceslambdoid phagestemperate bacteriophages

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria and play crucial roles in microbial ecosystems.
  • The balance between lytic (killing) and lysogenic (integrating) phage lifestyles is complex and varies across animal hosts.
  • While human gut viromes are dominated by temperate phages, horse gut viromes show a higher prevalence of virulent phages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel temperate coliphage, Hf4s, isolated from horse feces.
  • To investigate the interactions between temperate coliphage Hf4s and indigenous virulent equine coliphages.
  • To understand the ecological implications of phage-phage interactions in the horse intestinal virome.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of temperate coliphage Hf4s from equine Escherichia coli.
  • Analysis of Hf4s receptor binding (O antigen) and its seroconversion cluster.
  • Testing the susceptibility of Hf4s lysogens to infection by indigenous virulent equine coliphages (DT57C, G7C, phiKT).

Main Results:

  • Hf4s is the first characterized temperate equine intestinal coliphage, belonging to the Podoviridae family and related to Lederberg-like viruses.
  • Hf4s utilizes the host O antigen as its primary receptor and possesses a functional O antigen seroconversion cluster.
  • Lysogens of Hf4s were protected from superinfection by Hf4s and some virulent phages (e.g., DT57C), but remained susceptible to others (e.g., G7C, phiKT).

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of Hf4s challenges the notion that horse fecal coliphages are exclusively virulent.
  • Hf4s's O antigen seroconversion mechanism demonstrates a direct impact on interactions with virulent phages, influencing phage community dynamics.
  • These findings highlight the significance of bacteriophage-bacteriophage interactions in shaping the viral ecology within mammalian intestinal ecosystems.