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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Updated: Oct 22, 2025

Iterative Development of an Innovative Smartphone-Based Dietary Assessment Tool: Traqq
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More Frequent Food Shopping May Promote Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Systematic Review.

Amanda K Fultz1, Samantha M Sundermeir2, Sarah Katz3

  • 1Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE; Center for Health Behavior Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
|August 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Increasing food shopping frequency may boost fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. This systematic review highlights the positive link between more frequent shopping trips and higher FV consumption, suggesting a modifiable strategy for dietary improvement.

Keywords:
federal nutrition assistance programsfood acquisitionfood shoppingfruit and vegetable intakeshopping behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health Research
  • Dietary Behavior Analysis

Background:

  • Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is crucial for public health.
  • Individual studies on food shopping frequency and FV intake show mixed results.
  • A systematic review is needed to synthesize existing evidence on this relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review studies on the association between food shopping frequency and FV intake.
  • To examine the influence of federal nutrition assistance programs on FV intake within this context.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using PRISMA guidelines across 4 databases.
  • Inclusion of US-based studies published through October 2020 with various study designs (cross-sectional, longitudinal, cohort, randomized).
  • Focus on adult populations and FV consumption and food shopping frequency.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-four articles were included in the review.
  • Most studies indicated a positive association: increased shopping frequency correlated with higher FV intake.
  • Federal nutrition assistance programs showed a positive association with FV intake when participation was 100%; otherwise, the association was not significant.

Conclusions:

  • Food shopping frequency is a potentially modifiable factor for increasing FV intake.
  • Further experimental research is required to establish causality and directionality.
  • Federal nutrition assistance programs present an avenue for testing interventions to improve FV intake.