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EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
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Quantification of Coenzyme A in Cells and Tissues
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Complex coacervates as extraction media.

Jéré van Lente1,2,3, Monica Pazos Urrea4, Thomas Brouwer5

  • 1Department of Molecules & Materials, University of Twente, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology Drienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands s.lindhoud@utwente.nl.

Green Chemistry : an International Journal and Green Chemistry Resource : GC
|August 30, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Macroscopic complex coacervates show potential as green extraction media. These polyion condensates can efficiently extract industrial chemicals like lactic acid, butanol, and enzymes, with tunable parameters controlling recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Separation Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional extraction processes often rely on hazardous solvents.
  • Greener alternatives like ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are being explored.
  • Complex coacervates, formed from oppositely charged polyions and water, are emerging as novel separation media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate macroscopic complex coacervates as sustainable extraction media.
  • To determine the distribution coefficients of industrial chemicals in poly(ethylenimine)/poly(acrylic acid) coacervates.
  • To investigate the influence of system parameters on extraction efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of poly(ethylenimine)/poly(acrylic acid) complex coacervates.
  • Measurement of distribution coefficients for lactic acid, butanol, and lipase enzymes.
  • Systematic variation of parameters: polyion ratio, ionic strength, concentrations, and temperature.
  • Demonstration of temperature-swing extraction for back-extraction.

Main Results:

  • Distribution coefficients varied significantly (2 to 50) based on system parameters.
  • Tunable parameters include polyion ratio, ionic strength, concentrations, and temperature.
  • Successful temperature-swing extraction of butanol with 21.1% recovery was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Macroscopic complex coacervates are promising for selective extraction of industrial chemicals.
  • Tunable properties allow optimization for specific separation tasks.
  • Demonstrated potential for green and efficient separation processes.