Treadmill-based task for assessing spatial memory in head-fixed mice

Several mouse in vivo neuronal recording techniques require head fixation. Head-fixed treadmill walking can be used to design tasks that enable the study of neural activity in the context of behavior. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for constructing a treadmill with tactile spatial cues, training mice on a rewarded behavioral task, and analyzing behavioral data. We discuss common problems and solutions we have developed to optimize training. Finally, we demonstrate how to test spatial memory performance using this task.