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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

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Community Mortality Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Argentina: Population-based Surveillance Study

Mauricio T Caballero1,2, Alejandra M Bianchi1, Sebastian Diaz Grigaites3

  • 1Fundacion INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|September 2, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant infant mortality in low-middle income countries. This study estimates RSV mortality rates and identifies risk factors for home deaths in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Many infant deaths in low-middle income countries (LMICs) occur outside hospitals.
  • Acute lower respiratory tract illness is a major contributor to community mortality.
  • The precise mortality rates attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the burden and role of RSV in childhood community mortality.
  • To estimate RSV-related mortality rates in infants in a LMIC setting.
  • To identify risk factors associated with RSV-related infant deaths.

Main Methods:

  • An active surveillance study was conducted in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from January to December 2019.
  • Involved 63 families with children under 5 years old (U5).
  • Utilized tissue sampling, verbal autopsies, and expert analysis to determine RSV's role in mortality.

Main Results:

  • RSV infection was implicated in the mortality of 11 out of 12 cases with positive molecular RSV tests.
  • The estimated infant mortality rate due to RSV was 0.27 deaths per 1000 live births.
  • Home deaths due to RSV were linked to bacterial coinfections (Streptococcus pneumoniae/Moraxella catarrhalis), slum living, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Infant community mortality rates from RSV in this LMIC setting are higher than in industrialized nations.
  • RSV mortality rates are comparable to hospital-based studies in the same region.
  • Findings highlight the significant impact of RSV on infant mortality in resource-limited settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
Infant community mortalityacute respiratory infectionsminimal invasive tissue samplingrespiratory syncytial virus

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