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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

564
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

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Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
150
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

509
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
509
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

323
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
323
Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning01:19

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning

572
Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Published on: September 27, 2024

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Practice and experience predict coarticulation in child speech.

Margaret Cychosz1,2, Benjamin Munson3, Jan R Edwards1

  • 1Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park.

Language Learning and Development : the Official Journal of the Society for Language Development
|September 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Young children

Keywords:
LENAcoarticulationnaturalistic recordingphonologyspeech developmentspeech productionword repetition

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Area of Science:

  • Child language acquisition
  • Speech development
  • Phonetics

Background:

  • Young children exhibit greater speech coarticulation than adults.
  • Explanations include immature motor control and holistic phonological units.
  • The interplay of factors influencing this developmental pattern requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors influencing coarticulation in four-year-old children.
  • To test the predictive power of language experience, speech practice, and planning on coarticulation.
  • To differentiate the roles of motor control, phonological representation, and practice in coarticulatory development.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated coarticulation in real words and nonwords in four-year-olds.
  • Assessed language experience (vocabulary size, receptive language, adult word count).
  • Measured speech practice through daylong audio recordings of child vocalizations.

Main Results:

  • Larger vocabularies correlated with reduced coarticulation, particularly in real words.
  • Increased daily vocalizations predicted less coarticulation.
  • Quantity of vocalizations was a stronger predictor than receptive language measures.
  • No significant coarticulatory differences between real words and nonwords were found after controlling for word duration.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood coarticulation is influenced by language experience and speech practice.
  • Phonological representations and motor control play significant roles in coarticulatory development.
  • Speech practice, indicated by vocalization frequency, is a key factor in refining coarticulation.