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Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
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Perfluorocarbon nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy.

Rachael A Day1, Ellen M Sletten1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science
|September 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers and light to create oxygen-reactive species. Fluorinated nanomaterials offer a promising way to co-deliver oxygen to tumors, enhancing PDT efficacy.

Keywords:
FluorousMicelleNanoemulsionPerfluorocarbonPhotodynamic therapySinglet oxygen

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Photochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that utilizes photosensitizers and light to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Tumor hypoxia is a significant challenge in PDT, as it limits the production of ROS and reduces treatment effectiveness.
  • Efficient delivery of both photosensitizers and oxygen to hypoxic tumor microenvironments is crucial for improving PDT outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages and disadvantages of using fluorinated nanomaterial architectures for co-delivering oxygen and photosensitizers in PDT.
  • To explore how perfluorocarbons can enhance oxygen availability in tumors for improved photodynamic therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on perfluorocarbon-based nanomaterials and their application in photodynamic therapy.
  • Analysis of the properties of fluorinated nanomaterials, focusing on their capacity for gas solubility and drug delivery.
  • Evaluation of different fluorinated nanomaterial architectures designed for enhanced oxygen and photosensitizer delivery.

Main Results:

  • Perfluorocarbons exhibit high gas solubility, making them suitable for co-delivering oxygen to hypoxic tissues.
  • Various fluorinated nanomaterial architectures have been developed to facilitate the combined delivery of photosensitizers and oxygen.
  • These nanomaterials show potential for overcoming tumor hypoxia and augmenting PDT efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Fluorinated nanomaterials represent a promising strategy for enhancing photodynamic therapy by addressing tumor hypoxia.
  • The reviewed architectures offer distinct benefits and limitations that need consideration for clinical translation.
  • Further research into optimizing these delivery systems is warranted to maximize their therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.