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Related Concept Videos

Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

537
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
537
Lumber Defects01:23

Lumber Defects

261
Lumber defects, which can affect both the appearance and structural integrity of wood, include a variety of growth and manufacturing flaws. Growth defects such as knots and knotholes occur where branches were once attached to the tree trunk, with knotholes forming when these knots fall out. Other natural defects include decay and insect damage, which compromise the wood's strength and durability.
Shakes are minor fractures that run along or across the wood's annual rings, while wane is...
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Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

314
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
314
Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress01:25

Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress

253
In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as...
253
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

322
In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
322
Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain01:18

Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain

797
Mohr's circle is a crucial graphical method used to analyze plane strain by plotting strain on a set of cartesian coordinates, where the abscissa is normal strain ∈ and the ordinate is shear strain γ. Similarly to Mohr’s circle for plane stress, two points X and Y are plotted. Their coordinates are (∈x, -γXY) and (∈Y, γXY), respectively.
Mohr's circle visually represents the strain states under various conditions, which is essential for...
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Defect-Dependent Corrugation in Graphene.

Fabian L Thiemann1,2,3,4, Patrick Rowe1,2,3, Andrea Zen2,5,6

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.

Nano Letters
|September 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defects in graphene cause significant surface wrinkling, altering its properties. The extent of this structural change depends on defect type and concentration, impacting graphene

Keywords:
Graphenedefectsnanoengineeringripples

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene's intrinsic topology, characterized by corrugation and wrinkling, dictates its electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties.
  • Experimental methods enable manipulation of pristine graphene and controlled defect creation to tune atomic out-of-plane fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of defects on graphene's structure using large-scale simulations.
  • To understand how defect concentration and type influence graphene's morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale machine learning-driven molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of atomic neighborhood and defect interactions.

Main Results:

  • Defects induce significantly higher corrugation, resulting in a strongly wrinkled graphene surface.
  • The degree of structural transformation is dependent on defect concentration and type.
  • Local atomic environments and defect interactions dictate the extent of morphological changes.

Conclusions:

  • Defects profoundly affect graphene's morphology, leading to increased surface wrinkling.
  • Distinct defect types exhibit unique influences on graphene structure, linking global morphology to local environments.