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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.6K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy01:12

Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

1.4K
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
1.4K
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

594
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer (EMIRS) Instrument.

Christopher S Edwards1, Philip R Christensen2, Greg L Mehall2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, NAU BOX 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.

Space Science Reviews
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Emirates Mars Mission Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS) measures Martian atmospheric and surface conditions. This advanced instrument provides crucial data on water ice, vapor, dust, and temperature, enhancing our understanding of Mars.

Keywords:
AtmosphereEMMEmirates Mars Infrared SpectrometerMars

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Understanding Mars's climate and atmospheric composition is crucial for future exploration.
  • Previous missions have provided valuable data, but gaps remain in characterizing diurnal and sub-seasonal variability.
  • The Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) aims to address these gaps with advanced instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To remotely measure the Martian surface and lower atmosphere using the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer (EMIRS).
  • To characterize the geographic and diurnal variability of water ice, water vapor, and dust.
  • To determine temperature profiles on sub-seasonal timescales.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (EMIRS) with a spectral range of 6.0-100+ μm (1666-100 cm⁻¹).
  • Employed a Cassegrain telescope and a Michelson interferometer with DLaTGS pyroelectric detectors.
  • Incorporated a laser diode for metrology and a blackbody target for radiometric calibration.

Main Results:

  • Achieved radiometric precision of <3.0×10⁻⁸ W cm⁻² sr⁻¹/cm⁻¹ in a specific spectral range.
  • Demonstrated absolute integrated radiance error of < 2% for scene temperatures between 200-340 K.
  • The instrument is compact (52.9×37.5×34.6 cm) and lightweight (14.72 kg) with low power consumption (avg. 22.2 W).

Conclusions:

  • EMIRS is a capable instrument for characterizing key Martian atmospheric constituents and temperature profiles.
  • The data will enhance understanding of Mars's climate dynamics on sub-seasonal timescales.
  • The instrument's development and calibration were a collaborative effort involving multiple institutions.