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Microvilli00:55

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Cellular Affinity of Particle-Stabilized Emulsion to Boost Antigen Internalization
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Microvilli Adhesion: An Alternative Route for Nanoparticle Cell Internalization.

Patrizia Sommi1, Agostina Vitali2, Stefania Coniglio1

  • 1Human Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

ACS Nano
|September 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Scientists discovered a new way nanoparticles (NPs) enter cells, called microvillus-mediated adhesion (MMA). This novel NP uptake mechanism, distinct from endocytosis, offers potential for targeted nanomedicine delivery.

Keywords:
CeO2HeLaadhesion/internalizationcell microvillinanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial for nanomedicine but lacks a defined mechanism, often attributed to endocytosis.
  • Understanding nanomaterial-cell interactions requires identifying specific internalization pathways beyond established endocytotic routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and demonstrate an alternative cellular uptake mechanism for nanoparticles.
  • To characterize the factors influencing this novel internalization route and its potential for selective nanoparticle delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ceria and magnetite nanoparticles (<40 nm) functionalized with polyacrylic acid.
  • Observed nanoparticle-cell interactions across three different cell lines.
  • Investigated the role of microvillus lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol and altering sphingolipid synthesis.
  • Correlated microvillus-mediated adhesion (MMA) with cell cycle and microvillus density.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a novel NP internalization route: microvillus-mediated adhesion (MMA).
  • MMA was observed with negatively charged NPs, independent of cell type.
  • Modulation of microvillus lipid rafts and NP surface charge affected MMA.
  • A direct relationship was found between MMA, cell cycle, and microvillus density.

Conclusions:

  • Microvillus-mediated adhesion (MMA) represents a distinct cellular uptake mechanism for nanoparticles, differing from conventional endocytosis.
  • This pathway's dependence on microvillus characteristics suggests potential for targeted nanoparticle delivery in nanomedicine.
  • Further research into MMA could unlock new strategies for selective NP internalization.