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Pneumocystis primary infection in non-immunosuppressed infants in Lima, Peru

Theresa J Ochoa1, Beatriz Bustamante2, Coralith Garcia3

  • 1Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.

Journal De Mycologie Medicale
|October 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pneumocystis primary infection is common in Peruvian infants, particularly those aged 2-3 months during cooler seasons. Close living conditions increase the risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii transmission.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pneumocystis primary infection is a significant concern in infants.
  • Data on Pneumocystis infection in non-immunosuppressed infants is limited, especially in South America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Pneumocystis primary infection in healthy infants in Lima, Peru.
  • To provide original data on Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA detection in a well-baby population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study enrolled 146 infants under seven months old from Lima, Peru.
  • Nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed for Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA using PCR.
  • Demographic and clinical data were collected to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA was detected in 30.8% of infants, often without respiratory symptoms.
  • Infection was more frequent in younger infants (2-3 months) and during cooler seasons (winter/spring).
  • Living in crowded conditions (≤ 1 bedroom per household) was associated with higher detection rates (OR=3.03).

Conclusions:

  • Pneumocystis primary infection in this Peruvian cohort is most prevalent in 2-3-month-old infants.
  • Seasonal factors (winter/spring) and household crowding are associated with increased Pneumocystis detection.
  • Findings highlight the importance of early detection and potential transmission routes in infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
InfantsPeruPneumocystis jirovecii,Pulmonary colonizationPrimary infection

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