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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metamaterials Science

    Background:

    • Traditional distorting mirrors rely on curved surfaces to generate optical illusions.
    • Metasurfaces offer novel ways to manipulate light propagation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and investigate the concept of flat distorting mirrors (FDMs).
    • To explore the control of virtual image characteristics (shape, orientation, position) using FDMs.
    • To provide a design framework for creating optical illusions with flat optical elements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a ray optics approach to analyze light deflection.
    • Investigating gradient metasurfaces with engineered additional wave vectors.
    • Relating effective curvature to the derivative of the metasurface's additional wave vector.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that virtual images generated by FDMs can be precisely controlled.
    • Showed that "effective curvature" is linked to the additional wave vector's derivative.
    • Identified conditions for splitting virtual images based on discontinuities in the additional wave vector or its derivative.

    Conclusions:

    • Flat distorting mirrors (FDMs) offer a novel approach to creating optical illusions.
    • Metasurface design provides tunable control over virtual image properties.
    • This work lays the groundwork for designing advanced flat optical devices for illusion generation.