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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

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Heteroleptic dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes as carbene transfer catalysts
Anthony Abshire1, Desiree Moore1, Jobe Courtney1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37796-1600, USA. adarko@utk.edu.
Abstract:
This review highlights the applications of dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes with a heteroleptic scaffold. Dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes are well known as highly efficient and selective carbene transfer catalysts. While the majority of described complexes are homoleptic, comparatively fewer studies have concerned heteroleptic complexes. Here, we emphasise the use of heteroleptic complexes in order to highlight their benefits as carbene transfer catalysts and spur future research. Methods to synthesise heteroleptic dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes are discussed as well as a categorical review of their types of heteroleptic complexes and the carbene reactions in which they have been used.
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