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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Sinus Augmentation-Expect the Unexpected: Diagnostic Anatomical Study.

Bahaa Haj Yahya¹, Dror Bar-Hai², David Samehov³

¹Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Private Clinic, Herzliya 4672211, Israel.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|October 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The "big-nose variant" is an anatomical variation where the nasal cavity extends into the alveolar ridge. This study classified its prevalence, finding Class 2 most common, aiding surgical planning.

Keywords:

big-nose variant dental implant maxillary sinus nasal cavity bone augmentation

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Area of Science:

Anatomy
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Radiology

Background:

The "big-nose variant" describes a specific anatomical phenomenon involving the pneumatization of the inferior nasal cavity into the alveolar ridge.
This displacement of the maxillary sinus laterally is a key characteristic of this variant.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of the "big-nose variant" phenomenon.
To propose a morphological classification system for this anatomical variation.

Main Methods:

A diagnostic anatomical evaluation was conducted using 321 cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans from patients in an oral and maxillofacial department.
Two classification categories were defined: 'classes' for horizontal (mesiodistal) distribution and 'divisions' for vertical distribution.

Main Results:

Class 2 (nasal/sinus border between canine and second premolar distal edges) was most prevalent at 64.6%.
Class 3 (border distal to first molar mesial edge) occurred in 17.9% of cases.
Division A (nasal cavity superior to canine/first premolar) and Division C (maxillary sinus superior to second premolar/first molar) showed high frequencies (96%/58.2% and 46.9%/85.6%, respectively).

Conclusions:

Identifying Class 3 is crucial for detecting the "big-nose variant," with divisions providing further confirmation.
The proposed classification system can improve maxillary treatment planning, alert surgeons to potential complications, and help avoid unexpected intraoperative findings.