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SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Host Immune Response
Hadida Yasmin1, Sudipta Saha2, Mariam Tariq Butt3
1Immunology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding host-pathogen interactions is key to developing effective treatments and vaccines against this virus.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, causing significant global mortality and morbidity.
- The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, aerosols, and fomite contact, leading to symptoms ranging from mild to severe respiratory distress.
- Comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and advanced age are linked to increased severity of COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19.
- To explore the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- To detail the host's innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing data on SARS-CoV-2.
- Analysis of epidemiological trends and clinical presentations of COVID-19.
- Examination of host-pathogen interactions and immune responses.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 presents with diverse clinical manifestations, influenced by host factors and comorbidities.
- The host mounts both innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- No targeted therapies are currently available, with drug repurposing being explored.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, clinical aspects, and pathogenesis is crucial.
- Elucidating host-pathogen interactions is fundamental for the development of vaccines and targeted therapies for COVID-19.
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