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Updated: Oct 15, 2025
Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
Relation between chronic endometritis and recurrent miscarriage
Mohamed M Farghali1,2, Ibrahim A Abdelazim1,3, Tamer E El-Ghazaly1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Introduction:
Growing interest has focused on the relation between chronic endometritis (CE) or asymptomatic inflammation of the endometrium and recurrent miscarriage (RM).The aim of the study was to assess the relation between CE and RM and the accuracy of hysteroscopy in diagnosing CE.
Material And Methods:
One hundred and ten (110) women with unexplained RM were included in this study. Participants were subjected to diagnostic hysteroscopy for uterine cavity, and endometrium evaluation. The diagnosis of CE during hysteroscopic examination was based on CE-related hysteroscopic signs (micro-polyps, stromal edema, and/or hyperemia). At the end of hysteroscopy, an endometrial biopsy was taken from participants for culture, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Collected data were analyzed to assess the relation between CE and RM and the accuracy of hysteroscopy in diagnosing CE.
Results:
The prevalence of CE in women with RM was 31.8% using CE-related hysteroscopic signs, while it was 38.2% using IHC staining and endometrial cultures (p = 0.4). CE-related hysteroscopic signs had 64.1% sensitivity, 85.9% specificity, 71.4% positive predictive value (PPV), 81.3% negative predictive value (NPV), and 78.2% overall accuracy in diagnosing CE. Most cases of CE (> 81%) were caused by Mycoplasma and common pathogens.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of CE in women with RM was 31.8% using CE-related hysteroscopic signs, while it was 38.2% using IHC staining and endometrial cultures. CE-related hysteroscopic signs had 64.1% sensitivity, 85.9% specificity, 71.4% PPV, 81.3% NPV, and 78.2% overall accuracy in diagnosing CE. Most cases of CE (> 81%) were caused by Mycoplasma and common pathogens.
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