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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 14, 2025

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

Published on: May 27, 2020

Passive UHF RFID-based Knitted Wearable Compression Sensor.

Md Abu Saleh Tajin¹, Chelsea E Amanatides², Genevieve Dion²

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.

IEEE Internet of Things Journal

|November 1, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a battery-less, wearable RFID sensor antenna (Bellypatch) for on-body respiratory monitoring. The novel design improves read range and ensures safety by minimizing tissue power absorption.

Keywords:

Biomedical sensor Internet of Things (IoT)Radio Frequency (RF) sheet resistance Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)Ultra High Frequency (UHF)compression sensor knitted conductive fabric on-body antenna respiration sensor silver-coated nylon wearable textile antenna

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Area of Science:

Wearable technology
Biomedical engineering
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensors

Background:

On-body wireless sensors face challenges with human tissue absorbing radiated power, limiting functionality.
Passive, battery-less sensors are crucial for long-term, unobtrusive health monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a wearable, knitted Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID compression sensor antenna (Bellypatch) for on-body respiratory monitoring.
To assess the antenna's performance in free-space and on-body conditions, focusing on radiation efficiency and safety.

Main Methods:

Fabric candidates were evaluated for RF sheet resistance at 913 MHz to select the optimal material.
The Bellypatch antenna's performance was simulated and measured for on-body applications.
Respiratory activity was monitored on a mannequin and a human subject using the Bellypatch antenna.

Main Results:

The Bellypatch antenna demonstrated satisfactory radiation efficiency on-body.
Breathing activity detection showed significant fluctuations in backscatter power (6-15 dB RSSI).
The on-body read range was extended to 5.8 m, a tenfold improvement over previous designs, with a safe SAR of 0.25 W/kg.

Conclusions:

The developed Bellypatch antenna is a viable, efficient, and safe solution for battery-less, on-body respiratory monitoring.
The sensor's sensitivity to compression and relaxation makes it suitable for tracking breathing patterns.
This technology offers a significant advancement in wearable IoT sensors for healthcare applications.