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Updated: Oct 14, 2025

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Optically formed rubbery waveguide interconnects.

Georgios Violakis, Athanasios Bogris, Stergios Pispas

    Optics Letters
    |November 1, 2021
    PubMed
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    Researchers created flexible, light-induced self-written waveguides (LISWs) using photopolymerization. These rubbery waveguides offer high extensibility and low optical loss for optical fiber connections.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics
    • Polymer Chemistry

    Background:

    • Flexible optical interconnections are crucial for advanced photonics and optoelectronics.
    • Existing waveguide fabrication methods often lack sufficient flexibility and scalability.
    • Photopolymerization offers a versatile route for creating optical structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop novel light-induced self-written waveguides (LISWs) with enhanced elongation properties.
    • To investigate the optical transmission characteristics of these flexible waveguides.
    • To demonstrate the application of LISWs in flexible optical fiber interconnections.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of LISWs in a monodispersed polyisoprene solution via low-power laser photopolymerization.

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  • Characterization of waveguide elongation properties (400%–800% extensibility).
  • Measurement of optical transmission and propagation losses (1.0–2.9 dB/mm) at visible/near-infrared wavelengths.
  • Main Results:

    • Successfully formed LISWs exhibiting unique rubbery properties and high extensibility.
    • Demonstrated significant optical transmission through highly stretched waveguides.
    • Achieved stable light transmission at stressed lengths exceeding 500 µm.

    Conclusions:

    • LISWs fabricated from polyisoprene offer a promising solution for flexible optical interconnects.
    • The rubber elasticity of LISWs allows for unprecedented strain tolerance while maintaining optical performance.
    • This photopolymerization technique provides a low-loss, scalable method for creating adaptable optical components.