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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

562
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
562
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Use of Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
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[Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines].

P Coursaget1, A Touzé1

  • 1Inserm U618, équipe "vectorisation, virus, vaccins", laboratoire membre de l'IFR136 Agents transmissibles et infectiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31 avenue Monge, 37200 Tours.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|November 4, 2021
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines offer high protection against cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Immunization before sexual activity is key for maximum efficacy and reducing HPV-related cancers.

Keywords:
cervical cancerpapillomavirusvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Fifteen human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are etiological agents of cervical cancer.
  • Cervical cancer is a preventable malignancy through immunization.
  • Prophylactic HPV vaccines targeting types 16 and 18 are available or nearing availability.

Purpose:

  • To review the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of HPV vaccines.
  • To discuss the current understanding and unresolved questions regarding HPV vaccination.
  • To highlight the public health implications and complementary role of vaccination and screening.

Summary:

  • Clinical trials demonstrate high efficacy (over 80% against incident infections, nearly 100% against persistent infections) of HPV vaccines.
  • Anti-HPV antibodies persist for 4-5 years post-vaccination, with titers higher than those from natural infection.
  • Unresolved questions include duration of protection, need for boosters, and cross-protection against related HPV types.

Impact:

  • HPV immunization is projected to significantly reduce cervical cancer incidence within 10-30 years.
  • Vaccination can decrease treatments for precancerous cervical lesions in the shorter term.
  • Potential to reduce incidence of other HPV-related cancers (anal, vulval, vaginal, penile).
  • HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening are complementary strategies to strengthen cancer prevention policies.