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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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The epitranscriptome of small non-coding RNAs.

Xiaoyu Li1,2, Jinying Peng2, Chengqi Yi2,3,4

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|November 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play vital roles in cellular functions. This review highlights the diverse RNA modifications found in ncRNAs and their emerging roles in epitranscriptomics.

Keywords:
BiogenesisFunctionRNA modificationSmall non-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of numerous biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, immune response, cell death, epigenetic regulation, and metabolic control.
  • A wide array of RNA modifications have been identified across various classes of small ncRNAs, such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of RNA modifications present in small non-coding RNAs.
  • To review the emerging roles of these epitranscriptomic marks in regulating the biogenesis and function of small ncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on small non-coding RNAs and RNA modifications.
  • Analysis of studies detailing the impact of post-transcriptional modifications on small ncRNA function.
  • Synthesis of information regarding epitranscriptomic marks in diverse small ncRNA classes.

Main Results:

  • Small non-coding RNAs harbor a diverse range of post-transcriptional modifications.
  • These modifications significantly influence the biogenesis, stability, and functional output of small ncRNAs.
  • Emerging evidence points to the critical role of epitranscriptomic marks in fine-tuning cellular processes regulated by small ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • RNA modifications are integral to the biology of small non-coding RNAs.
  • Understanding these epitranscriptomic marks is essential for comprehending ncRNA function and their involvement in health and disease.
  • Further research into epitranscriptomics promises new insights into gene regulation and therapeutic strategies.