[Attainment of the Lessinvasive Neurospinal Surgery: Full Endoscopic Spinal Surgery]

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

• Full endoscopic spinal surgery (FESS) is the least invasive surgical option currently available.
• FESS allows for procedures like discectomy, decompression for stenosis, and posterolateral fusion with minimal disruption to spinal structures.
• A key feature of FESS is
• underwater surgery,
• performed with continuous saline irrigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explain the indications and surgical procedures for the transforaminal approach in FESS.
• To introduce cervical spine decompression using FESS.
• To present full endoscopic lateral lumbar interbody fusion (ELIF).

Main Methods:

• Utilizing a small diameter endoscope for a completely visualized surgical field.
• Performing spinal procedures under local or general anesthesia.
• Employing continuous saline irrigation for an
• underwater surgery
• environment.

Main Results:

• FESS enables discectomy, decompression, and fusion with minimal destruction of spinal structures and posterior supporting elements.
• The transforaminal approach is detailed for FESS.
• Cervical decompression and lumbar interbody fusion via FESS are introduced.

Conclusions:

• FESS represents a significant advancement in minimally invasive spinal surgery.
• Despite a steep learning curve, FESS offers substantial benefits in preserving spinal integrity.
• The study highlights the versatility of FESS for various spinal pathologies and levels.