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Clinical Management and Control of COVID-19 Infection: A Review
Shuangge Liu1, Xiaoxiong Wu2, Hongbo Wang1,3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hebei 430022, China.
Insights
The COVID-19 pandemic, originating in Wuhan, China, spread globally through human transmission. This review covers the latest on COVID-19 infection, transmission, and clinical management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Virology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus, emerged in late 2019.
- It rapidly escalated from localized outbreaks to a global health crisis.
- The virus is primarily transmitted via respiratory droplets and contact.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest scientific understanding of COVID-19.
- To examine transmission dynamics and clinical manifestations.
- To discuss current management and control strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent scientific publications.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on COVID-19 spread.
- Synthesis of information on clinical case studies and outcomes.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 primarily affects the lower respiratory tract, causing pneumonia.
- Severely affected patients may develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
- While more contagious than SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has a lower mortality rate.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of COVID-19 relies on supportive care for organ failure.
- The pandemic highlights challenges in infection prevention and clinical outcome improvement.
- Ongoing research and public health measures are crucial for control.
Abstract:
In late December 2019, COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China and resulted in a formidable outbreak in provinces and cities in China that became a pandemic. The outbreak likely began as several cases caused by probable zoonotic transmission, followed by human-to-human transmission via droplets or contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated items. COVID-19 mainly affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in human, and severely affected patients may have multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Despite recent progress in vaccine development, the management of multiple organ failure caused by immune injury is mainly supportive. COVID-19 is more contagious than SARS and MERS, although it has a lower mortality rate. The 2019 outbreak of COVID-19 has been classified by the WHO as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, which has drawn attention to the challenge of the disease and caused questioning of scientific strategies for preventing infection and improving clinical outcomes. This article reviews the latest developments on transmission and clinical management and control of COVID-19 infection.
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