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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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When Elasticity Affects Drop Coalescence.

Pim J Dekker1, Michiel A Hack1, Walter Tewes1

  • 1Physics of Fluids Group, Mesa+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|January 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding polymers to fluids dramatically alters drop coalescence, creating an elastic singularity. While elasticity influences spatial aspects, the temporal bridge evolution remains largely unaffected.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Rheology
  • Interfacial phenomena

Background:

  • Drop breakup and coalescence are fundamental topological transitions in fluid interfaces.
  • Polymer addition significantly modifies drop breakup dynamics, leading to thread formation before pinch-off.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complementary process of drop coalescence in viscoelastic fluids.
  • To reveal the impact of elasticity on the spatial and temporal characteristics of drop coalescence.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of drop coalescence with added polymers.
  • Viscoelastic similarity analysis to explain observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of an elastic singularity characterized by diverging interface curvature at coalescence.
  • Polymers dictate the spatial features of the coalescing bridge.
  • Temporal evolution of the coalescing bridge is minimally affected by polymer elasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Elasticity introduces unique singularities during drop coalescence.
  • Understanding these viscoelastic effects is crucial for applications involving drop formation and interaction.