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Nonequilibrium Dark Space Phase Transition.

Federico Carollo1, Igor Lesanovsky1,2

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

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|February 11, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce a novel dark space phase transition in open quantum systems. This quantum phenomenon, unlike classical counterparts, features emergent behaviors and potential applications in quantum information encoding.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Many-Body Systems
  • Non-equilibrium Dynamics

Background:

  • Open quantum systems involve competing processes like decay, interactions, and quantum interference.
  • Classical non-equilibrium processes, such as epidemic spreading, exhibit phase transitions into absorbing states.
  • Quantum mechanics allows for interference between different dynamical paths, leading to unique collective behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the concept of dark space phase transition in open many-body quantum systems.
  • To explore the competition between irreversible decay, interactions, and quantum interference.
  • To identify and characterize emergent quantum phenomena and their potential applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a quantum many-body model inspired by classical non-equilibrium processes.
  • Analysis of competing dark states: a trivial classical absorbing state and an emergent quantum coherent state.
  • Investigation of a non-equilibrium phase transition within the 'dark space'.

Main Results:

  • Identification of two distinct dark states: a classical absorbing state and a quantum coherent state.
  • Observation of a non-equilibrium phase transition within the dark space.
  • Emergence of collective dynamical behavior with no classical analogue due to quantum interference.
  • Characterization of a novel phenomenology not found in classical systems.

Conclusions:

  • A new type of phase transition, the dark space phase transition, exists in open quantum systems.
  • This transition is driven by quantum interference and leads to emergent quantum coherent states.
  • The emergent two-dimensional dark space offers potential technological applications, including collective quantum information encoding.